Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research (UW CCAR)
EPA Grant Number: R834796Center: University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research
Center Director: Vedal, Sverre
Title: University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research (UW CCAR)
Investigators: Vedal, Sverre , Sheppard, Lianne (Elizabeth) A. , McDonald, Jacob D. , Kaufman, Joel D. , Campen, Matthew J. , VanReken, Timothy M. , Larson, Timothy V. , Szpiro, Adam , Simpson, Christopher , Rosenfeld, Michael , Yost, Michael , Sampson, Paul , Jobson, Thomas
Institution: University of Washington , Washington University , Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute , University of New Mexico
Current Institution: University of Washington , Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute , University of New Mexico , Washington University
EPA Project Officer: Callan, Richard
Project Period: December 1, 2010 through November 30, 2015 (Extended to November 30, 2017)
Project Amount: $8,000,000
RFA: Clean Air Research Centers (2009) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Human Health , Air
Objective:
The University of Washington (UW) Center for Clean Air Research (CCAR) aimed to take an inter- and multidisciplinary approach to estimation of ambient air pollution exposure and investigation of air pollution health effects from a multipollutant perspective using traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) as a prototypical multipollutant atmosphere. To achieve this, CCAR was organized as five overarching projects plus a biostatistics core and participated in collaborative projects with other Clean Air Research Centers (CLARCs).
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
Project 1: Exposure Mapping Characterization of Gases and Particles for Exposure Assessment in Health Effects and Laboratory Studies. The activities of this project included implementing a multipollutant mobile monitoring campaign in four of six cities of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) for the purposes of better characterizing real-world TRAP emissions and developing multipollutant exposure prediction models. Detailed chemical and physical characterization of TRAP was performed.
Project 2: Simulated Roadway Exposure Atmospheres for Laboratory Animal and Human Studies. Atmospheres of TRAP and other combustion mixtures were generated at the facility at the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI) that included motor vehicle emissions particulate matter (PM, a combination of gasoline and diesel engine emissions), mixed vehicle emissions (MVE) gases, road dust alone, road dust plus ozone, road dust plus motor vehicle emissions, and hardwood smoke. The mixture emissions were well-characterized including, in work with Project 1, state-of-the-art characterization of gasoline and diesel exhausts using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS).
Project 3: Cardiovascular Consequences of Immune Modification by Traffic-Related Emissions. Activities of this project employed in vivo animal models and ex vivo and in vitro experiments. A common hypercholesterolemic mouse model (apolipoprotein E-null, or ApoE-/-) was used with exposure to MVE (combined gasoline and diesel exhausts) for 6 hours/day times 50 days, with additional permutations of removing PM by filtration and employing a novel method of removing gaseous species from PM by denudation. Work utilized several vascular bioassays, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) protein, 3-nitrotyrosine and plasma-induced vasodilatory impairments. Inflammatory potential of mice serum was assessed in two assays: incubation with primary murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells for 4 hours to measure inflammatory gene expression or application to naive aortic rings in an ex vivo myographic preparation.
Project 4: Vascular Response to Traffic-Derived Inhalation in Humans. The activities of this project included implementation of a randomized, blinded, crossover in-vehicle air filtration intervention trial in 16 study participants of on-highway in-vehicle exposure during a commute on functional and biomarker cardiovascular endpoints. Detailed air quality measurements were made during both the filtered and unfiltered commutes.
Project 5: Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Derived Aerosols and Gases on Subclinical Measures of Cardiovascular Disease and DNA Methylation in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort. The activities of this project included microenvironmental monitoring to gauge the contribution of in-vehicle roadway exposures to total air pollution exposure and applying multipollutant exposure predictions in the MESA cohort to investigate multipollutant exposure effects on subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Biostatistics Core. The core activities included supporting the five Center projects, especially projects 1 and 5, in data cleaning and management, statistical design, statistical analysis and presentation of results. Notably, the core investigators also made several important methodological advances, including (1) air pollution exposure measurement error correction, (2) reducing dimensions of multipollutant mixtures, (3) demonstrating and countering biased health effect estimates due to spatial incompatibility between monitors and health study population and (4) developing methods for spatio-temporal exposure estimation models for use in health studies.
CLARC Collaborations. CCAR collaborations with other CLARC centers included collaborations with the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE), especially, and with Great Lakes Air Center for Integrative Environmental Research (GLACIER). Collaborative projects with SCAPE included (1) mobile monitoring in Atlanta, with enriched monitoring in the flight paths at Atlanta International Airport (ATL); (2) applying measurement error correction methods and assessing the effect of spatial incompatibility between monitoring sites and study subject locations in a population cohort of low birthweight infants; and (3) comparing the exposure prediction performance of the UW spatio-temporal model with that of other exposure estimation methods.
Conclusions:
Accomplishments
CCAR was a highly successful undertaking that effectively exploited both the multidisciplinary nature of the Center, with work of the individual projects integrating productively with that of the other projects, and the opportunities for collaboration with other centers in the CLARC. The most important scientific accomplishments of CCAR are highlighted in the following:
1. Novel air monitoring and characterization of traffic and other sources of emissions
1.1. Mobile monitoring. A novel multipollutant mobile monitoring campaign in the MESA cities and Albuquerque, NM, identified steep concentration gradients for several pollutants and identified multipollutant profiles corresponding to heavy-duty diesel emissions, light-duty vehicle emissions and urban background. The MESA mobile monitoring, in addition, was shown to be provide additional information on TRAP beyond what is obtained from either a few fixed monitoring sites or saturation monitoring with passive samplers, motivating the use of mobile monitoring in developing multipollutant exposure estimates.
1.2. Airport emissions monitoring. Mobile monitoring in Los Angeles and Atlanta demonstrated for the first time the relatively large contributions of airplane emissions to urban ultrafine particle concentrations. First, particle number concentration attributable to the Los Angeles Airport emissions were comparable to the entire Los Angeles road network. Second, the particle size distribution of ultrafine particles from airplane emissions in Los Angeles and Atlanta was found to be smaller than the ultrafine distribution from roadway traffic emissions and serves as a signature of airport emissions that can be used in population health studies of airport emission effects.
1.3. In-vehicle monitoring. In-vehicle monitoring was carried out in two MESA cities (see 3.2, below) and in the highway commuting study in Seattle. In-vehicle filtration used in our intervention study (see 5, below) dramatically reduced concentrations of ultrafine particles and elemental carbon, a measure of diesel exhaust, but had relatively little effect on reducing TRAP gases such as carbon monoxide and NO2.
2. Characterization of generated TRAP and other mixtures
2.1. General characterization of chemical components and physical properties. PM concentration and particle size distributions, as well as NOx and CO concentrations, were measured in laboratory-generated emissions of the following: motor vehicle emissions PM (a combination of gasoline and diesel engine emissions), MVE gases, road dust alone, road dust plus ozone, road dust plus motor vehicle emissions, and hardwood smoke. Findings ensured that well-characterized exposures were used in the several experiments described in section 4, below. Median particle size was approximately 100 nm and ranged from 40 to 300 nm.
2.2. Detailed characterization. HR-ToF-AMS and PTR-MS were used to obtain detailed information on the composition of the controlled mixtures of diesel and gasoline exhaust generated at the LRRI exposure facility. A new analytical procedure was developed to examine the contributions of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds to the aerosol under varying test conditionsPAHs by Molecular Ion Proxy (P-MIP). It was found that the fractional contributions of grouped PAH species and even individual PAH ions showed no apparent dependence on engine load or exhaust type.
3. Pollutant and multipollutant exposure estimation and microenvironmental exposures
3.1. Predicting multipollutant exposures. Novel methodological advances were made in reducing the dimensions of complex pollutant mixtures, addressing the important issue of spatial misalignment between monitor locations and health cohort subject locations, and reducing multipollutant measurement error. Two dimension-reduction approaches were developed: predictive sparse principal components analysis (PCA) and predictive k-means clustering. Predictive sparse PCA additionally was used to help counter the bias produced by spatial misalignment. A novel method also was developed to reduce exposure measurement error from modeled exposure estimates to help minimize bias in health studies. This exposure measurement error correction method was applied successfully in a collaboration with SCAPE, another CLARC center, and additionally demonstrated the importance of spatial incompatibility on producing biased estimates of pollution health effect.
3.2. Spatio-temporal modeling. Spatio-temporal models employing the MESA and Air Pollution study approach of land use regression in a universal kriging framework for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone were developed for the six MESA cities to be applied in health cohort analyses.
3.3. Exposures in microenvironments and time-activity. The first explicit examination of the timelocation patterns in an older, multiethnic population, including a Chinese population, was accomplished using the MESA cohort. Questionnaire time-activity data were found to provide unreliable estimates of short-term activity. An important finding from microenvironmental sampling in two MESA cities (LA and Winston-Salem) was that in-vehicle exposure to NO2, a marker of TRAP, made a large contribution to an individuals total NO2 exposure, in spite of the short period of time individuals spend commuting. Omitting this source of NO2 exposure can result in large errors in estimates of total NO2 exposure.
4. Comparative cardiovascular effects of generated TRAP mixtures
4.1. Mechanistic insights. Toxicologic studies produced the novel finding that extra-pulmonary responses, such as cardiovascular responses, are driven by circulating factors in serumcirculating factors arising from inhalation exposures to various pollutants have the potential to inhibit normal vasoactivity (via the CD36 receptor) and induce inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells. This happens without producing pulmonary inflammation. These observations introduce a new mechanism by which air pollution causes systemic effects, in addition to the more familiar mechanistic theories such as pulmonary inflammation with systemic spillover of inflammation, autonomic responses and direct organ effects of ultrafine particles. Further, gas-particle interactions were observed to be an important determinant of cardiovascular responses, with whole emissions containing both particulate and gaseous components being collectively more potent than MVE-derived PM or gas mixtures alone.
4.2. Relative effects of different pollutant mixtures. Potency of the following combustion sources were compared: motor vehicle emissions PM (a combination of gasoline and diesel engine emissions), MVE gases, road dust plus ozone, road dust plus motor vehicle emissions, and hardwood smoke. Of near-roadway exposures, fresh vehicular emissions (specifically, freshly generated particles) were the most potent. There was indication that this enhanced toxicity was due to the coexistence of adhered volatile and semivolatile compounds and that effects depended on particle surface area.
5. Cardiovascular effects of in-vehicle commuting exposures
5.1. Effects on blood pressure. In a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial of in-vehicle filtration during a highway morning commute, at 1 hour into the drive both systolic and diastolic blood pressure relative to pre-drive levels was on average 8 mmHg higher (95% CI: 3.2,12.0) in unfiltered drives compared to filtered drives. This was strong evidence that urban traffic pollutant inhalation causes substantial changes in blood pressure in realistic conditions that occur rapidly, are sustained over 24 hours and can be reduced with effective air filtration.
5.2. Effects on stress. Stress, as measured by serum cortisol, showed no significant increase in unfiltered versus filtered drives, indicating an absence of effect of in-vehicle exposure on an indicator of stress.
6. Population health effects of exposure to single pollutants and multipollutant mixtures
6.1. Multipollutant clusters and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Clustering TRAP measurements identified spatial differences in pollution composition in a MESA city. Stronger associations between coronary artery calcium progression, a measure of progression of atherosclerosis, and PM2.5 exposures were found among people living in areas with high ratios of ultrafine particle to NOx concentrations. This finding suggests that specifying exposure using a multipollutant approach can provide insights that may not become apparent using single pollutant approaches.
6.2. Spatio-temporal exposure estimates applied to novel health endpoints.
6.2.1. Progression of emphysema and atherosclerosis. Progression of emphysema as measured by serial chest computed tomography (CT) scans over 10 years of followup in the MESA cohort was associated with long-term exposure to ozone. Progression of emphysema was less consistently associated with PM2.5 exposure and not associated with NO2 exposure. Progression of atherosclerosis as measured by carotid ultrasound (vessel wall thickness) and cardiac CT (vessel plaque), as well as level of lung function, also were associated with exposure to ozone.
6.2.2. Epigenetic and gene expression effects. Using specifically blood monocytes as the target tissue rather than the less specific general leukocytes, there was no association between exposure to either PM2.5 or NOx and global DNA methylation in the MESA cohort. However, long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with five expression-associated methylation sites and with gene expression indicating an effect of exposure on selected gene expression.
Journal Articles: 96 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 197 publications | 94 publications in selected types | All 93 journal articles |
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Adar SD, D'Souza J, Mendelsohn-Victor K, Jacobs DR, Cushman M, Sheppard L, Thorne PS, Burke GL, Daviglus ML, Szpiro AA, Diez Roux AV, Kaufman JD, Larson TV. Markers of inflammation and coagulation after long-term exposure to coarse particulate matter: a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(6):541-548. |
R834796 (2014) R831697 (Final) R833741 (Final) |
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Aragon MJ, Chrobak I, Brower J, Roldan L, Fredenburgh LE, McDonald JD, Campen MJ. Inflammatory and vasoactive effects of serum following inhalation of varied complex mixtures. Cardiovascular Toxicology 2016;16(2):163-171. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (2015) R834796C003 (Final) |
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Bergen S, Sheppard L, Sampson PD, Kim SY, Richards M, Vedal S, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA. A national prediction model for PM2.5 component exposures and measurement error-corrected health effect inference. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(9):1017-1025. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2013) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) R833864 (2011) |
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Bergen S, Szpiro AA. Mitigating the impact of measurement error when using penalized regression to model exposure in two-stage air pollution epidemiology studies. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 2015;22(3):601-631. |
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Bergen S, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA. Multipollutant measurement error in air pollution epidemiology studies arising from predicting exposures with penalized regression splines. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C-Applied Statistics 2016;65(5):731-753. |
R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
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Brower JB, Doyle-Eisele M, Moeller B, Stirdivant S, McDonald JD, Campen MJ. Metabolomic changes in murine serum following inhalation exposure to gasoline and diesel engine emissions. Inhalation Toxicology 2016;28(5):241-250. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (2016) R834796C003 (Final) |
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Campen MJ, Lund A, Rosenfeld M. Mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2012;18(2):155-160. |
R834796 (2012) R834796 (2013) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (2012) R834796C003 (2013) R834796C003 (Final) R833990 (2010) R833990 (2011) |
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Campen M, Robertson S, Lund A, Lucero J, McDonald J. Engine exhaust particulate and gas phase contributions to vascular toxicity. Inhalation Toxicology 2014;26(6):353-360. |
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Chan SH, Van Hee VC, Bergen S, Szpiro AA, DeRoo LA, London SJ, Marshall JD, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP. Long-term air pollution exposure and blood pressure in the Sister Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(10):951-958. |
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Chi GC, Liu Y, MacDonald JW, Barr RG, Donohue KM, Hensley MD, Hou L, McCall CE, Reynolds LM, Siscovick DS, Kaufman JD. Long-term outdoor air pollution and DNA methylation in circulating monocytes: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Environmental Health 2016;15(1):119 (12 pp.). |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
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Chi GC, Hajat A, Bird CE, Cullen MR, Griffin BA, Miller KA, Shih RA, Stefanick ML, Vedal S, Whitsel EA, Kaufman JD. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and the association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(12):1840-1847. |
R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
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Chi GC, Hajat A, Bird CE, Cullen MR, Griffin BA, Miller KA, Shih RA, Stefanick ML, Vedal S, Whitsel EA, Kaufman JD. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and the association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016; doi:10.1289/EHP199 (Epub ahead of print]. |
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Cosselman KE, Krishnan RM, Oron AP, Jansen K, Peretz A, Sullivan JH, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. Blood pressure response to controlled diesel exhaust exposure in human subjects. Hypertension 2012;59(5):943-948. |
R834796C004 (Final) R827355 (Final) R830954 (Final) |
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Cosselman KE, Navas-Acien A, Kaufman JD. Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology 2015;12(11):627-642. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C004 (2015) R834796C004 (2016) R834796C004 (Final) |
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Erickson MH, Gueneron M, Jobson BT. Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2014;7(1):225-239. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2013) |
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Erickson MH, Gueneron M, Jobson BT. Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2014;7(1):225-239. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796C001 (2015) R834796C001 (Final) |
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Erickson MH, Gueneron M, Jobson BT. Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2014;7(1):225-239. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2013) |
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Erickson MH, Gueneron M, Jobson BT. Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2014;7(1):225-239. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796C001 (2015) R834796C001 (Final) |
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Fann N, Kim S-Y, Olives C, Sheppard L. Estimated changes in life expectancy and adult mortality resulting from declining PM2.5 exposures in the contiguous United States:1980-2010. Environmental Health Perspectives 2017;125(9):097003 (8 pp.). |
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Fox JR, Cox DP, Drury BE, Gould TR, Kavanagh TJ, Paulsen MH, Sheppard L, Simpson CD, Stewart JA, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. Chemical characterization and in vitro toxicity of diesel exhaust particulate matter generated under varying conditions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2015;8(5):507-519. |
R834796 (2014) |
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Galaviz VE, Yost MG, Simpson CD, Camp JE, Paulsen MH, Elder JP, Hoffman L, Flores D, Quintana PJE. Traffic pollutant exposures experienced by pedestrians waiting to enter the U.S. at a major U.S.-Mexico border crossing. Atmospheric Environment 2014;88:362-369. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2015) R834796C001 (Final) |
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Galaviz VE, Quintana PJE, Yost MG, Sheppard L, Paulsen MH, Camp JE, Simpson CD. Urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene in US-Mexico border residents who frequently cross the San Ysidro Port of Entry. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2017;27(1):84-89. |
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Gueneron M, Erickson MH, VanderSchelden GS, Jobson BT. PTR-MS fragmentation patterns of gasoline hydrocarbons. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2015;379:97-109. |
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Hazelhurst M, Dearborn L, Sherris A, Loftus C, Adgent M, Szpiro A, Ni Y, Day D, Kaufman J, Thakur N, Wright R, Sathyanarayana S, Carroll K, Moore P, Karr C. Long-term ozone exposure and lung function in middle childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024;421(117632) |
R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) R833741 (Final) |
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Hazlehurst MF, Spalt EW, Curl CL, Davey ME, Vedal S, Burke GL, Kaufman JD. Integrating data from multiple time-location measurement methods for use in exposure assessment: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2017;27(6):569-574. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
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Hazlehurst MF, Spalt EW, Nicholas TP, Curl CL, Davey ME, Burke GL, Watson KE, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. Contribution of the in-vehicle microenvironment to individual ambient-source nitrogen dioxide exposure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2018;28(4):371-380. |
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Herring CL, Faiola CL, Massoli P, Sueper D, Erickson MH, McDonald JD, Simpson CD, Yost MG, Jobson BT, VanReken TM. New methodology for quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry. Aerosol Science and Technology 2015;49(11):1131-1148. |
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Hooper LG, Young MT, Keller JP, Szpiro A, O’Brien K M, Sandler DP, Vedal S, Kaufman J, London S. Ambient air pollution exposure and chronic bronchitis in a cohort of U.S. women. Environmental Health Perspectives 2018;126(2):027005 (9 pp.). |
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Hudda N, Gould T, Hartin K, Larson TV, Fruin SA. Emissions from an international airport increase particle number concentrations 4-fold at 10 km downwind. Environmental Science & Technology 2014;48(12):6628-6635. |
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Jandarov RA, Sheppard LA, Sampson PD, Szpiro AA. A novel principal component analysis for spatially misaligned air pollution data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C, Applied Statistics 2017,66(1):3-28. |
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Keller JP, Olives C, Kim S-Y, Sheppard L, Sampson PD, Szpiro AA, Oron AP, Lindstrom J, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. A unified spatiotemporal modeling approach for predicting concentrations of multiple air pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(4):301-309. |
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Keller JP, Drton M, Larson T, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP, Szpiro AA. Covariate-adaptive clustering of exposures for air pollution epidemiology cohorts. Annals of Applied Statistics 2017;11(1):93-113. |
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Keller JP, Chang HH, Strickland MJ, Szpiro AA. Measurement error correction for predicted spatiotemporal air pollution exposures. Epidemiology 2017;28(3):338-345. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834799 (2016) R834799 (Final) R834799C003 (Final) |
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Keller JP, Chang HH, Strickland MJ, Szpiro AA. Measurement error correction for predicted spatiotemporal air pollution exposures. Epidemiology 2017;28(3):338-345. |
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Keller JP, Chang HH, Strickland MJ, Szpiro AA. Measurement error correction for predicted spatiotemporal air pollution exposures. Epidemiology 2017;28(3):338-345. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834799 (2016) R834799 (Final) R834799C003 (Final) |
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Keller JP, Larson TV, Austin E, Barr RG, Sheppard L, Vedal S, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA. Pollutant composition modification of the effect of air pollution on progression of coronary artery calcium:the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environmental Epidemiology 2018;2:e024. |
R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (Final) R838300 (2018) R838300 (2020) |
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Kelp M, Gould T, Austin E, Marshall JD, Yost M, Simpson C, Larson T. Sensitivity analysis of area-wide, mobile source emission factors to high-emitter vehicles in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment 2020;223:117212 |
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Kim SY, Dutton SJ, Sheppard L, Hannigan MP, Miller SL, Milford JB, Peel JL, Vedal S. Erratum to: The short-term association of selected components of fine particulate matter and mortality in the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study. Environmental Health 2016;15(1):85. |
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Kim S-Y, Dutton SJ, Sheppard L, Hannigan MP, Miller SL, Milford JB, Peel JL, Vedal S. The short-term association of selected components of fine particulate matter and mortality in the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study. Environmental Health 2015;14:49 (11 pp.). |
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Kim S-Y, Sheppard L, Bergen S, Szpiro AA, Sampson PD, Kaufman JD, Vedal S. Prediction of fine particulate matter chemical components with a spatio-temporal model for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2016;26(5):520-528. |
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Kim S-Y, Olives C, Sheppard L, Sampson PD, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. Historical prediction modeling approach for estimating long-term concentrations of PM2.5 in cohort studies before 1999 implementation of widespread monitoring. Environmental Health Perspectives 2017;125(1):38-46. |
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Kim S-Y, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD, Bergen S, Szpiro AA, Larson TV, Adar SD, Diez Roux AV, Polak JF, Vedal S. Individual-level concentrations of fine particulate matter chemical components and subclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis based on 2 advanced exposure prediction models in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. American Journal of Epidemiology 2014;180(7):718-728. |
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Kim S-Y, Sheppard L, Larson TV, Kaufman JD, Vedal S. Combining PM2.5 component data from multiple sources: data consistency and characteristics relevant to epidemiological analyses of predicted long-term exposures. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(7):651-658. |
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Kioumourtzoglou MA, Spiegelman D, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD, Yanosky JD, Williams R, Laden F, Hong B, Suh H. Exposure measurement error in PM2.5 health effects studies: a pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies. Environmental Health 2014;13(1):2. |
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Larson T, Gould T, Riley EA, Austin E, Fintzi J, Sheppard L, Yost M, Simpson C. Ambient air quality measurements from a continuously moving mobile platform: estimation of area-wide, fuel-based, mobile source emission factors using absolute principal component scores. Atmospheric Environment 2017;152:201-211. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2016) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Lee A, Szpiro A, Kim SY, Sheppard L. Impact of preferential sampling on exposure prediction and health effect inference in the context of air pollution epidemiology. Environmetrics 2015;26(4):255-267. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Lindstrom J, Szpiro AA, Sampson PD, Oron AP, Richards M, Larson TV, Sheppard L. A flexible spatio-temporal model for air pollution with spatial and spatio-temporal covariates. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 2014;21(3):411-433. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit |
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Lucero J, Suwannasual U, Herbert L, McDonald J, Lund A. The role of the lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX-1) in traffic-generated air pollution exposure-mediated alteration of the brain microvasculature in Apolipoprotein (Apo) E knockout mice. INHALATION TOXICOLOGY 2017;29(6):266-281. |
R834796 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Lund AK, Doyle-Eisele M, Lin Y-H, Arashiro M, Surratt JD, Holmes T, Schilling KA, Seinfeld JH, Rohr AC, Knipping EM, McDonald, JD. The effects of α-pinene versus toluene-derived secondary organic aerosol exposure on the expression of markers associated with vascular disease. Inhalation Toxicology 2013;25(6):309-324. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C002 (2015) R834796C002 (Final) R834796C003 (2013) R833990 (2011) |
Exit Exit |
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Mauderly JL, Kracko D, Brower J, Doyle-Eisele M, McDonald JD, Lund AK, Seilkop SK. The National Environmental Respiratory Center (NERC) experiment in multi-pollutant air quality health research: IV. Vascular effects of repeated inhalation exposure to a mixture of five inorganic gases. Inhalation Toxicology 2014;26(11):691-696. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C002 (2015) R834796C002 (2016) R834796C002 (Final) |
Exit |
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McDonald JD, Chow JC, Peccia J, Liu Y, Chand R, Hidy GM, Mauderly JL. Influence of collection region and site type on the composition of paved road dust. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health 2013;6(3):615-628. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C002 (2013) R834796C002 (2016) R834796C002 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Miller KA, Spalt EW, Gassett AJ, Curl CL, Larson TV, Avol E, Allen RW, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD. Estimating ambient-origin PM2.5 exposure for epidemiology: observations, prediction, and validation using personal sampling in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2019;29(2):227-237. |
R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) R838300 (2018) R838300 (2020) |
Exit |
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Ni Y, Sullivan A, Szpiro A, Peng J, Loftus C, Hazelhurst M, Sherris A, Wallace E, Murphy L, Nguyen R, Swan S, Sathysnarayana S, Barrett E, Mason W, Bush N, Karr C, Lewinn K. Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Child Executive Function: A US Multicohort Study. EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024;93335(5):676-688 |
R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) R838300 (Final) |
Exit |
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Olives C, Sheppard L, Lindstrom J, Sampson PD, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA. Reduced-rank spatio-temporal modeling of air pollution concentrations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. Annals of Applied Statistics 2014;8(4):2509-2537. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Oppenheim HA, Lucero J, Guyot A-C, Herbert LM, McDonald JD, Mabondzo A, Lund AK. Exposure to vehicle emissions results in altered blood brain barrier permeability and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tight junction proteins in mice. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2013;10:62. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C002 (2015) R834796C002 (2016) R834796C002 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Paffett ML, Zychowski KE, Sheppard L, Robertson S, Weaver JM, Lucas SN, Campen MJ. Ozone inhalation impairs coronary artery dilation via intracellular oxidative stress: evidence for serum-borne factors as drivers of systemic toxicity. Toxicological Sciences 2015;146(2):244-253. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Riley EA, Banks L, Fintzi J, Gould TR, Hartin K, Schaal L, Davey M, Sheppard L, Larson T, Yost MG, Simpson CD. Multi-pollutant mobile platform measurements of air pollutants adjacent to a major roadway. Atmospheric Environment 2014;98:492-499. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2015) R834796C001 (2016) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Riley EA, Gould T, Hartin K, Fruin SA, Simpson CD, Yost MG, Larson T. Ultrafine particle size as a tracer for aircraft turbine emissions. Atmospheric Environment 2016;139:20-29. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2016) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Riley EA, Schaal L, Sasakura M, Crampton R, Gould TR, Hartin K, Sheppard L, Larson T, Simpson CD, Yost MG. Correlations between short-term mobile monitoring and long-term passive sampler measurements of traffic-related air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 2016;132:229-239. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2016) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Robertson S, Colombo ES, Lucas SN, Hall PR, Febbraio M, Paffett ML, Campen MJ. CD36 mediates endothelial dysfunction downstream of circulating factors induced by O3 exposure. Toxicological Sciences 2013;134(2):304-311. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (2013) R834796C003 (2016) R834796C003 (Final) R833990 (2011) R833990 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sampson PD, Richards M, Szpiro AA, Bergen S, Sheppard L, Larson TV, Kaufman JD. A regionalized national universal kriging model using Partial Least Squares regression for estimating annual PM2.5 concentrations in epidemiology. Atmospheric Environment 2013;75:383-392. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) R833864 (2012) R833864 (2013) R833864 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Schisler JC, Ronnebaum SM, Madden M, Channell M, Campen M, Willis MS. Endothelial inflammatory transcriptional responses to an altered plasma exposome following inhalation of diesel emissions. Inhalation Toxicology 2015;27(5):272-280. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Schisler J, Campen MJ, Madden M, and Willis MS. Transcriptional Endothelial Biosensor Response to Diesel-Induced Plasma Compositional Changes. Inhalation Toxicology. 2015, 27(5):272–280. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Sheppard L, Burnett RT, Szpiro AA, Kim S-Y, Jerrett M, Pope III CA, Brunekreef B. Confounding and exposure measurement error in air pollution epidemiology. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2012;5(2):203-216. |
R834796 (2012) R834796 (2013) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Spalt EW, Curl CL, Allen RW, Cohen M, Williams K, Hirsh JA, Adar SD, Kaufman JD. Factors influencing time-location patterns and their impact on estimates of exposure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2016;26(4):341-348. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2015) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Spalt EW, Curl CL, Allen RW, Cohen M, Adar SD, Stukovsky KH, Avol E, Castro-Diehl C, Nunn C, Mancera-Cuevas K, Kaufman JD. Time-location patterns of a diverse population of older adults:the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2016;26(4):349-355. |
R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2015) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Sun M, Kaufman JD, Kim S-Y, Larson TV, Gould TR, Polak JF, Budoff MJ, Diez Roux AV, Vedal S. Particulate matter components and subclinical atherosclerosis:common approaches to estimating exposure in a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cross-sectional study. Environmental Health 2013;12:39. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2013) R834796C005 (2015) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Suwannasual U, Lucero J, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Exposure to traffic-generated air pollutants mediates alterations in brain microvascular integrity in wildtype mice on a high-fat diet. Environmental Research 2018;160:449-461. |
R834796 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Lumley T. Efficient measurement error correction with spatially misaligned data. Biostatistics 2011;12(4):610-623. |
R834796 (2012) R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Szpiro AA, Paciorek CJ, Sheppard L. Does more accurate exposure prediction necessarily improve health effect estimates? Epidemiology 2011;22(5):680-685. |
R834796 (2012) R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Szpiro AA, Paciorek CJ. Measurement error in two-stage analyses, with application to air pollution epidemiology. Environmetrics 2013;24(8):501-517. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit |
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Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Adar SD, Kaufman JD. Estimating acute air pollution health effects from cohort study data. Biometrics 2014;70(1):164-174. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2013) R834796C005 (2015) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (2013) R831697 (Final) |
Exit |
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Tessum MW, Larson T, Gould TR, Simpson CD, Yost MG, Vedal S. Mobile and fixed-site measurements to identify spatial distributions of traffic-related pollution sources in Los Angeles. Environmental Science & Technology 2018;52(5):2844-2853. |
R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Tyler CR, Zychowski KE, Sanchez BN, Rivero V, Lucas S, Herbert G, Liu J, Irshad H, McDonald JD, Bleske BE, Campen MJ. Surface area-dependence of gas-particle interactions influences pulmonary and neuroinflammatory outcomes. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2016;13(1):64 (18 pp.). |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Vedal S, Kaufman JD. What does multi-pollutant air pollution research mean? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183(1):4-6. |
R834796 (2012) R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2013) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wang M, Keller JP, Adar SD, Kim S-Y, Larson TV, Olives C, Sampson PD, Sheppard L, Szpiro AA, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. Development of long-term spatiotemporal models for ambient ozone in six metropolitan regions of the United States: the MESA Air Study. Atmospheric Environment 2015;123(A):79-87. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) R833741 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wang M, Brunekreef B, Gehring U, Szpiro A, Hoek G, Beelen R. A new technique for evaluating land-use regression models and their impact on health effect estimates. Epidemiology 2016;27(1):51-56. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) |
Exit |
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Wang M, Sampson PD, Hu J, Kleeman M, Keller JP, Olives C, Szpiro AA, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. Combining land-use regression and chemical transport modeling in a spatiotemporal geostatistical model for ozone and PM2.5. Environmental Science & Technology 2016;50(10):5111-5118. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) R831697 (Final) R833741 (Final) R833864 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Weuve J, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA, Curl C, Puett RC, Beck T, Evans DA, Mendes de Leon CF. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in relation to progression in physical disability among older adults. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(7):1000-1008. |
R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
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Xu W, Riley EA, Austin E, Sasakura M, Schaal L, Gould TR, Hartin K, Simpson CD, Sampson PD, Yost MG, Larson TV, Xiu G, Vedal S. Use of mobile and passive badge air monitoring data for NOx and ozone air pollution spatial exposure prediction models. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2017;27(2):184-192. |
R834796 (Final) R834796C001 (2015) R834796C001 (2016) R834796C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Yin F, Lawal A, Ricks J, Fox JR, Larson T, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Rosenfeld ME, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust induces systemic lipid peroxidation and development of dysfunctional pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2013;33(6):1153-1161. |
R834796 (2013) R834796 (2014) R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C003 (2013) R834796C003 (2016) R834796C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Young MT, Sandler DP, DeRoo LA, Vedal S, Kaufman JD, London SJ. Ambient air pollution exposure and incident adult asthma in a nationwide cohort of U.S. women. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;190(8):914-921. |
R834796 (2015) R834796 (Final) R834796C005 (2015) R834796C005 (2016) R834796C005 (Final) R831697 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Young M, Jansen K, Cosselman K, Gould T, Stewart J, Larson T, Sack C, Vedal S, Szpiro A, Kaufman J. Blood Pressure Effect of Traffic-Related Air Pollution A Crossover Trial of In-Vehicle Filtration. ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023;. |
R834796 (Final) |
Exit |
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Zychowski KE, Lucas SN, Sanchez B, Herbert G, Campen MJ. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension augments lung injury and airway reactivity caused by ozone exposure. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2016;305:40-45. |
R834796 (2016) R834796 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wang M, Sampson PD, Sheppard LE, Stein JH, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and progression of subclinical arterial disease:the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2019;127(5):057001. |
R834796 (Final) R838300 (2019) R838300 (2020) |
Exit |
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Herring CL, Faiola CL, Massoli P, Sueper D, Erickson MH, McDonald JD, Simpson CD, Yost MG, Jobson BT, VanReken TM:New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2015, 49(11):1131-1148. |
R834796C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Peroxidation and Development of Dysfunctional Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory High-Density Lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013, 33(6):1153-61. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Galaviz V, Yost M, Simpson C, Camp J, Paulsen M, Elder J, Hoffman L, Flores D, Quintana P:Traffic pollutant exposures experienced by pedestrians waiting to enter the US at a major USMexico border crossing. Atmospheric Environment. 2014, 88:362-369. |
R834796C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Erickson M, Gueneron M, Jobson B:Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2014, 7(1):225-239. |
R834796C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Aragon MJ, Chrobak I, Brower J, Roldan L, Fredenburgh LE, McDonald JD, Campen MJ:Inflammatory and Vasoactive Effects of Serum Following Inhalation of Varied Complex Mixtures. Cardiovascular toxicology. 2016, 16(2):163-171. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Campen MJ, Lund A, Rosenfeld M:Mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and atherosclerosis. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. 2012, 18(2):155. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Hudda N, Gould T, Hartin K, Larson TV, Fruin SA:Emissions from an international airport increase particle number concentrations 4-fold at 10 km downwind. Environmental science & technology. 2014, 48(12):6628-6635. |
R834796C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Campen M, Robertson S, Lund A, Lucero J, McDonald J:Engine exhaust particulate and gas phase contributions to vascular toxicity. Inhalation toxicology. 2014, 26(6):353-360. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Gueneron M, Erickson MH, VanderSchelden GS, Jobson BT:PTR-MS fragmentation patterns of gasoline hydrocarbons. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2015, 379:97-109. |
R834796C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Paffett ML, Sheppard L, Robertson S, Weaver J, Lucas SN, Campen MJ. Ozone inhalation enhances coronary artery constriction and impairs dilation via superoxide-dependent mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015, In press. |
R834796C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Lund AK, Doyle-Eisele M, Lin Y-H, Arashiro M, Surratt JD, Holmes T, Schilling KA, Seinfeld JH, Rohr AC, Knipping EM, McDonald, JD. The Effects of α-Pinene-vs. Toluene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Exposure on the Expression of Markers Associated with Vascular Disease. Inhalation Toxicology. 2013, 25(6):309-324. |
R834796C002 (2016) |
not available |
Supplemental Keywords:
Air pollution exposure, atherosclerosis, carbon monoxide, cardiovascular disease, chemical transport, community exposures, coronary artery disease, diesel, environmental policy, epidemiologic inference, exposure modeling, exposure science, gasoline engine, health effects, inhalation toxicology, measurement error, mobile monitoring, multipollutant, oxidized phospholipids, ozone, particulate matter, subclinical, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, airway disease, bioavailability, air pollution, particle exposure, ambient particle health effects, vascular dysfunction, cardiotoxicity, Scientific Discipline, Health, Health Risk Assessment, Risk Assessments, Environmental Monitoring, Biochemistry, Atmospheric Sciences, particulate matter, airway disease, bioavailability, air pollution, particle exposure, ambient particle health effects, vascular dysfunction, cardiotoxicityRelevant Websites:
http://depts.washington.edu/uwccar/
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R834796C001 Exposure Mapping – Characterization of Gases and Particles for ExposureAssessment in Health Effects and Laboratory Studies
R834796C002 Simulated Roadway Exposure Atmospheres for Laboratory Animal and Human Studies
R834796C003 Cardiovascular Consequences of Immune Modification by Traffic-Related Emissions
R834796C004 Vascular Response to Traffic-Derived Inhalation in Humans
R834796C005 Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Derived Particles and Gases on Subclinical Measures of Cardiovascular Disease in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
- 2016 Progress Report
- 2015 Progress Report
- 2014 Progress Report
- 2013 Progress Report
- 2012 Progress Report
- 2011 Progress Report
- Original Abstract
93 journal articles for this center